Goldenrod
solidago

days to maturity:
plant spacing: 1 plant per 2 square feet
sunlight requirements: 8-14 hours
look out for: can get weedy if not managed
harvest notes: not edible 
season: summer
perennial

Goldenrod is a beautiful yellow flower that is native across most of North America. It tolerates many different soil profiles and spreads via root rhizome, making it a good option for running wild and making large "prairie" type plantings. It's also a very popular plant used in natural dyeing.